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Atmospheric CO2 Data

Ice-Core Merged Products

Atmospheric CO2 record based on ice core data before 1958, (Ethridge et. al., 1996; MacFarling Meure et al., 2006) and yearly averages of direct observations from Mauna Loa and the South Pole after and including 1958 (from Scripps CO2 Program).

Measurement Frequency Data File Dates
CO2 yearly merged_ice_core_yearly.csv 13.3 C.E. - present
CO2 yearly spline spline_merged_ice_core_yearly.csv 13.3 C.E. - present

MLO and SPO Averaged Products

Measurement Frequency Data File Dates
CO2 monthly mlo_spo_monthly_mean.csv 1958 - present
CO2 yearly mlo_spo_annual_mean.csv 1959 - present

Citation for MLO/SPO Data

Please cite as:

C. D. Keeling, S. C. Piper, R. B. Bacastow, M. Wahlen, T. P. Whorf, M. Heimann, and H. A. Meijer, Exchanges of atmospheric CO2 and 13CO2 with the terrestrial biosphere and oceans from 1978 to 2000. I. Global aspects, SIO Reference Series, No. 01-06, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, 88 pages, 2001.

If it is necessary to cite a peer-reviewed article, please cite as:

C. D. Keeling, S. C. Piper, R. B. Bacastow, M. Wahlen, T. P. Whorf, M. Heimann, and H. A. Meijer, Atmospheric CO2 and 13CO2 exchange with the terrestrial biosphere and oceans from 1978 to 2000: observations and carbon cycle implications, pages 83-113, in "A History of Atmospheric CO2 and its effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems", editors, Ehleringer, J.R., T. E. Cerling, M. D. Dearing, Springer Verlag, New York, 2005.

Citation for Ice-core Data

Please cite as:

Macfarling Meure, C. et al., 2006: Law Dome CO2, CH4 and N2O ice core records extended to 2000 years BP. Geophysical Research Letters, 33.


Data sharing policy

The data and graphics on this website are made freely available, with the understanding that appropriate credit will be given. For applications supporting peer-reviewed scientific publications, coauthorship may sometimes be appropriate. An example would be if an important result or conclusion depends on this product, such as the first account of a previously unreported phenomenon. Ethical usage requires disclosing intentions at early stages of the work in order to avoid duplicating ongoing studies at Scripps. For applications where coauthorship is not needed, which includes all applications outside of the peer-reviewed scientific literature, it is sufficient to acknowledge the Scripps CO2 program as the source. Please direct queries to Ralph Keeling (rkeeling@ucsd.edu)